Health and safety in a social care setting free essay sample

The key legislations relating to health and safety in a social care setting are Health and Safety at work Act 1974 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulation 1999 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulation 1981 include amendment on 2009 The Electricity at Work regulations 1989 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 Communicable diseases and infection control Working Time Regulations 1998 Care Standard Act 2000 Control of exposure to Hazardous to Health 1999 Food Safety Act 1990 and Food Hygiene Regulations 2005 Environmental Protection Act 1990 How health and safety policies and procedures protect social care users and the staff All of the above mentioned legislations are crucial part of health and safety. Every piece of legislation gives not only a clear guidance of responsibilities but also how we should maintain health and safety to eliminate risks for the people using social care settings. It is very important for us to follow health and safety policies and procedures to minimise risks to ourselves the service users and also to maintain a safe working environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and safety in a social care setting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Job roles and there responsibilities Social Care Worker Take care of their own health and safety as well as others Co-operate with their employer by following policies and procedures Must use personal protective equipment as necessary Must adhere to achieve training and follow instruction. Not to misuse or tamper with anything provided for health and safety or welfare Employer/Manager Provide safe and risk free working environment Provide equipments Deal with hazardous substances safely Provide information, instruction, training and supervision as necessary Ensuring equipments are safe to use and safe system of work are set and followed. Others (such as visitor, supporters, volunteers and contractors) Respect and obey the rules and legislation imposed by authority Follow the instruction and guidance as provided (Such as not to use lift in the event of fire, not to block the fire exit etc. ) Co-operate with employer and workers if anything has been noticed that may cause harm to others or concern to others health and safety. Health and safety would become the responsibility of the person receiving care if they deliberately caused any hazards/risks that may harm themselves and/or others for example if the individual broke an electrical appliance and don’t report it, or the individual chose to smoke in a unauthorised area. The following tasks should only be carried out by staff that have received the appropriate training and the consequences of an untrained individual doing so. Use of equipment All staff that are using the equipment ie hoists slings slide sheets should have been trained to do so as inappropriate use can cause injury to both the service user and the staff. First aid Only staff that are trained in first aid should ever attempt any aspect of first aid as a untrained individual may cause more harm by attempting first aid. Assisting moving and handling No untrained staff should ever attempt or assist in moving or handling until training has been given as doing so can cause injury such as dislocation or even broken bones to yourself, other staff and also the person receiving care. Emergency procedure Emergency procedures can only be done by trained staff as in doing so you may not do the task correctly and may cause more harm by your actions. Food handling and preparation Food should only be handled by staff that are trained to do so as poor preparation or service can result in the consumer becoming ill ie food poisoning. Please note that if you choose to carry out any of the above tasks and you are not trained in that particular area that it may lead you to disciplinary and/or dismissal. Procedures to be followed in the event of a fire If you see a fire you should press the nearest alarm and meet at the main entrance of the building (everyone that has heard the alarm should also meet at the main entrance) And wait for instructions from the person in charge. The person in charge will allocate 2 members of staff to go check the required zone of the building if a fire is found the emergency services should be called whilst waiting for the emergency services to arrive all staff should move the service users to a safe zone of the building and wait for the instructions of the emergency services. If the building needs to be evacuated all staff should work with the fire brigade to safely evacuate the service users meeting at the Toby’s inn on marton road . Procedures to be taken in the event of a gas leek or flood If u smell gas it should be reported to the RGN immediately who will then turn off the gas supply and call services to respond immediately. In the event of a flood all taps should be turned off and all surrounding service users should be moved to a dry area until the flooded area is safe to enter if the main pipes burst water should be turned off and services phoned . Procedure to be taken in the event of a intrusion In the event of an intrusion u must call the police immediately do not approach the intruder and try to keep all service users calm until the police arrive Procedures to be taken in the event of a security breach In the event of a security breach all staff are to meet at the allocated meeting point then all all rooms within the home must be checked to ensure that all service users are safe and in the building It is important to ensure that there is an emergency plan in place to deal with unforeseen circumstances so that everybody is aware of what needs to happen to maintain the safety of the staff and service users. It is important to make sure that all staff know how to deal with any kind if emergency and training should be updated regularly to ensure that emergencies are dealt with in the correct manner

Films Of Moral Struggle Bronson Draft Essays

Films Of Moral Struggle Bronson Draft Essays Films Of Moral Struggle Bronson Draft Essays Chris Osowiecki Films of Moral Struggle Prof. Tueth April 15, 2013 The Fight for Fame Everyday each of us wakes up, goes to work, comes home, goes to bed, and like this the mists of history slowly descend over us and we fade from memory and into anonymity. It is this notion that is addressed in director Nicolas Winding Refn's 2008 film Bronson, starring Tom Hardy as the titular character. It details the story of a young man who the world would come to know as Bronson and his fascinating struggle for fame. Bronson, saw the path of anonymity, he saw himself quietly becoming one of the audience, a face in the crowd, just another nameless participant in the great race of life. Bronson saw that path and he knew he could never walk it, he would have to make his own, he knew that he had to find a way to be magnificent, he had to become a star. To this end Bronson uses fighting as his ultimate form of expression and his means to escape the shackles of a mundane life spent in anonymity, which to him is the true prison. The movie opens with a shot of Bronson simply standing a nd facing the camera, his expression is vacant, it is as if he stares beyond the viewer. As he begins speaking the opening lines, â€Å"All my life I wanted to be famous. I knew I was meant for better things† there follows a montage of Bronson in a myriad of different prisons, all while still wearing that same impenetrable face of contemplation. These early scenes serve to establish the scope and breadth of Bronson's ambitions, as well as establishing a road map that the film will soon travel along. During these shots Bronson laments his lack of traditional fame winning skills, such as singing or dancing, the montage fades to black and reveals a dark room lit with a blood red light. The camera circles the small cell in the center revealing a naked and bloody Bronson, he is covered in ash and paces the cell like an animal. Suddenly several men in riot gear rush into the room and engage Bronson in combat, who despite fighting like a man possessed is laid low. Despite the obvio us pain he suffers Bronson manages to keep a smile and repeatedly taunts the guards until they savagely knock him unconscious. The power of this opening sequence is undeniable, and demonstrates director Nicolas Winding Refn brilliant use of lighting and of musical accompaniment, and often times the two together. Whether it be a driving techno song or a soaring classic the piece always adds tremendously to the emotional impact of the scene. The music is slow and smoldering as Bronson paces, building a sense of dread and anticipation. The nightmarish red glow, like a spot light for the damned, highlights the impending feeling of violence and bloodshed. As the guards rush in the lights suddenly flash on and the music reaches a brilliant crescendo. This sequence of events calls to mind the moments before the curtain rises for a great show, a theme that will continue to be developed throughout the movie. With the opening sequence complete and the title screen flashed the movie proper be gins. Bronson details his childhood, which he insists was entirely normal, his parents did not beat or abuse him and in fact from what we see they love him dearly. However, from an early age Bronson was predisposed towards fighting, as we are treated to various scenes of a younger Bronson engaging in fights. These scenes all feature Bronson in the center, his violent spectacle having drawn the attention of all those around him. Typically Bronson will dominate the foreground in these shots while just on the periphery we can see his audience almost transfixed by the display. This technique mimics the actual events, through violence and performance Bronson is able to become almost larger then life, he becomes more important than those nameless observers that get forced to the sidelines. This is integral to his development as a person. He learns from an early age that fighting draws a crowd. People will look at

Mesopotamia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mesopotamia - Research Paper Example Sumerians used the rivers to irrigate their lands, ensuring that there was a constant supply of food for their citizens. The economies of these societies were despotic, with one central figure having a control on all manner of productions. Sumerians is one of the societies found in Mesopotamia. These people used barley, wheat, and silver as the various means of currency (Muntone, 2012). The economic system in Mesopotamia was very easy to control by the leaders of the Sumerians. For example, if a leader was able to control the production of wheat, then the economic control of Mesopotamia will follow. The Sumerians did not have an economic and social stratification system. On this basis, egalitarianism was the major social organization that was seen throughout Mesopotamia. The Sumerians symbolized deities into the various elements that they had authority over. On this basis, there was the god of the moon, of the sun, of fertility etc. Sumerians were aware of the different properties of the earth, and they modeled these properties in a manner that would make the world to be more personable (Muntone, 2012). Some of the religious beliefs of the Sumerians are similar to that of the Christians and Jewish religion. For instance, the Sumerians believed that mankind was removed from paradise as a punishment of eating a forbidden fruit. Sumerians also had some knowledge in writings, and much of the knowledge concerning ancient Mesopotamia is found in their clay tablet writings that have survived until now.

Ethical Issues when Marketing with Children Essay

Ethical Issues when Marketing with Children - Essay Example It was also revealed that children greatly affect the commodities their parents buy. Estimates done in this field show that projects tailored for children in the year 2006 totalled fifty two billion dollars. (McGee and Heubusch, 1997) Regardless of all this potential returns that children can give manufacturers and their marketers, there are key ethical issues that arise in the discussion. For example, do children have the capability of understanding some of the intricate marketing tactics Do children posses the final buying power Do marketers need to get permission from their parents And do children understand the negative effects of some of the products advertised to them These key questions will be analysed in relation to business pressures then recommendations will be made. Some companies have become notorious for the utilisation of psychologists in their advertising and marketing campaigns. Normally what such companies do is that when trying to create marketing strategy, they will involve psychologist to tell them about tactics that they can use to influence children. Since psychologists understand the way child's mind works, they can help marketers create campaigns that will be directly aimed at them and those ones that can easily influence their choices. This trend has becoming so alarming that the American Psychological Association has raised an alarm about it. They have set up a committee to estimate the effect that the involvement of psychologists in the marketing process of children's products has on them. The group has asserted that no psychological principles should be used when marketing to children. They are also recommending that there should be some sort of strategy to protect the young ones from exploitation though the use of psychologica l ploys. (Beder, 1998) The basic framework which steers marketing ethics revolves around three main issues. These are; values stakeholders processes Marketing ethics that are done on a value inclined framework are those one that involve the analysis of the kind of value that the marketing idea creates. So advertisements may instil in their target audiences positive or negative attributes. This all depends on their implementation. For example, an advertising targeting a child may become a problem if it violates the right to privacy, transparency, honesty or autonomy. By using psychologists in the process of creating advertisements for children, marketers are imposing upon children's right to autonomy and transparency. They try studying children's behavioural trends and then use this to exploit those children. This is quite unethical. The process oriented framework in marketing ethics is founded on the basis of analysing marketing ethics through the categories that marketers use. For example research, promotion and placement must be done in an ethical manner. This is something that marketers have chosen to ignore because their research is not done in an ethical manner. Their research involves using psychological experts who may use their knowledge to take advantage of children who belong to vulnerable groups (Lizabeth, 2001) Targeting children alone Marketers who create marketing campaigns that are just directed towards children only are engaging in unethical marketing practices. This is because children are naive. They are at a stage of development

Human Resource as Strategic Partners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource as Strategic Partners - Essay Example You have stated that the company's board had increased the production goals by 50% in the next two quarters after which, problems for the human resource department such as absenteeism, low employee morale, lack of motivation, and high employee turnover. Altogether, these led to lower level of production and product quality. As stated above, there are four key areas which needed to be looked into. I suggest that your company adopt the following key major strategies. One of the essentials of a good organization is a communication system which facilitates the flow of organization within all the levels of the business. The management should see to it that the lower level managers and frontline employees are given significant information about the decisions of the business organization. With this, employees should be looked at as strategic partners of the company to achieve its goals. The company should be able to let the employees know their importance in the business to boost their morale. Employees are often put off when management treats them as equipments. Communication of business decisions to employees makes them feel a stronger sense of belongingness as well as reminds them of their importance in the company. With this, I believe that your company should communicate the production goals to your employees.

Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Abortion In A Postmodern Society Religion Essay

Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Abortion In A Postmodern Society Religion Essay The Christian response to abortion in our western culture has been a matter of preserving the sanctity of life. Although it would seem to be cut and dry to a Christian that abortion violates that sanctity of life, it continues to face constitutional evolvement, differing worldviews, the scrutiny of the more liberal medical profession, and school text books for Christians. All of these concerns illustrate a wayward compass, lacking the ability to find true north. Society continues to weigh the simple yet complex definitions of personhood. Abortion is purported to be morally justified by pro-choice advocates in the postmodern culture. The question of what is right or wrong continues to be argued on both sides of the issue. For instance, the religious community cannot reach agreement, cites Rothstein and Williams (1983), on what a person consists of or when a person begins life. This paper will contend that the postmodern attitude towards abortion in a theistic society has been characterized as ambivalent and such that a society, exposed to liberal schools of thought, and changing modern and family values, errs on the side of science and convenience. Further, decision makers on the pro-choice side have used their agenda to further their secular beliefs through education, and a cavalier approach to sex which gives rise to sexual promiscuity. Additionally, there have been declines in moral thresholds, church attendance, theological literacy, and respect for gender roles in the family. Ambivalent Abortion Attitudes in a Postmodern Theistic Society Disputes over abortion are usually very heated due to the involvement of conflicting worldviews. Abortion is going to have difficulty attempting to reside within a Christian worldview, based purely on their opposing logic. Furthermore, abortion can comfortably maintain itself within the worldview of liberal postmodernism. Challengers of abortion are aware that they are supporting the rights of human life even though they may not be cognizant that they are also supporting the Christian worldview. Also, supporters of legal abortions identify that they are securing a womans right to choose even though they may not be completely aware of their support to the postmodern worldview. A worldview adds perspective and helps us identify with the world around us and how we deduce and appraise not only what we see but how we perceive ourselves to our understanding of life. Religion has the ability to hone a persons worldview, which starts to develop and institute moral perspectives. Religion serves as a main source for determining right and wrong, good and bad, just and unjust (Durkheim, 1954 p. 43). In order to have a credible understanding of the postmodern view on abortion which will be discussed next, both opposing views must be examined in order to explain why a postmodern view in a theistic society would embrace a pro-abortion stance. This will explain the difficulty in finding a common ground, in regard of the issues of abortion, and why conversion at this point is not viable especially since postmodern tenets lean toward the secular decision making. Comparative analysis of postmodernism and theistic views: Man is a created being and has a composition pre-determined by an intelligent and purposeful design, as opposed to the secular contention where mans indiscriminate evolvement has no predetermined nature or design. Man is an immortal spirit being in which dwells a mortal body, compared to the secular point of view where man is wholly a physical animal and or machine. Moral law governs universally through marriage, sexual activity, and family, while secularism sees morality as culturally and or individually determined. Luker (1984) sites these differing views as conflicting, pro-choice activist women share almost no common premises and very little common language with antiabortion activist women; in particular, the worldviews and conceptions of motherhood held by the two different groups of women are antithetical (p. 2). The cultural war on abortion has many fronts and those who adhere to liberal postmodernism or answer to liberal postmodern ideology are likely to frame lawful abortion as a set of rights or privileges for the women who in many cases become pregnant carelessly. Hauerwas, author of Theologically Understood, says that liberals not Christians in America are tempted to think of issues like abortion primarily in legal terms such as rights. He explains rights as an agreement between members in a society who have nothing in common and in this context the prolife plus prochoice factions. Hauerwas states that within a liberal society such as ours, the law functions as a mediator of such disagreements. He gives an example of our system of law by saying, Why do Christians call abortion, abortion and that is to say why Christians think that abortion is a morally problematic term? (Hauerwas, 1991, p. 5). Hauerwas demystifies years of elusions by calling abortion, abortion which is already an achievement based on principles. Pro-choice is pro-abortion using the phrase termination of pregnancy, the postmodernist has reduced the churchs involvement and reallocated the moral responsibility onto the medical profession. For most of the twentieth century, abortion was removed from public scrutiny by defining it as a question of medical judgment (Emerson, 1996, p. 44). By circumventing the church we can easily foretell any future decision making within a postmodern society towards abortion. By defining that mistake as take God out of anything and it dies as pointed out here by Nietzsche, parable of a madman Do we smell anything yet of Gods decomposition? Isnt this the crux of postmodern wisdom which is inserting Gods insignificance into the minds of our youth? A culture cannot lose its philosophic center without the most serious of consequences, not just to the philosophy on which it was based but to the whole superstructure of culture and even each persons notion of who he or she is. When God dies, both the substance and the value of everything else die too (Sire, 2004, p. 211). This leads to the next point on Postmodernisms thinking on the sanctity of life, which has created a pro-abortion crisis in America. In the United States alone the abortion rates have increased from 898,000 in 1974 to 1,533,000 in 1980. These figures indicate that on an average day in Washington D.C., abortions are outnumbering live births. Twenty-five percent of all pregnancies are terminated in this manner and forty percent among teenagers. Approximately twenty percent of all women in the United States have had a legal abortion. Sixty percent were under twenty-five years of age, and eighty-two percent were unmarried at the time of their abortions. Sixty-nine percent of these individuals were white. This is the latest available information provided by researchers by the Henshaw, Koonin Smith Institute (1991). The above information shows the influential state and the wide acceptance of abortion and its use as a solution rather than as a last resort. Another way we see secular conditioning, is through what we read, which raises the question are we neglecting to effectively provide enough alternatives to abortions, such as adoption? For a number of generations we have been stealth fully preconditioning society by removing God from public education. Here for example a member of the Texas board of education is reported saying There seems to be a misinformed view of religion in American history, that America is somehow founded on Christianity, and Mize said, We just ask that things be historically accurate (Castro, 2010, Â ¶7). That certainly lessens the burden of trying to understand a postmodern view towards the ultimate decision to dismiss life, since a form of preconditioning has shown a dismissive attitude towards abortion. The textbook often provides the central focus and organizing framework for courses, and students, in turn rely on textbooks as their most readily available source of information about the course topics (Geersten, 1977, p. 102). Postmodern theists are also finding difficulty with the abortion issue when it comes to their education as pointed out here, Evangelicals for the most part tend to adhere to their education group rather than their religion with regards to their abortion attitudes (Schmalzbauer, 1993, p. 6). Education will no doubt reconstruct the minds of our youth as pointed out by Evans when he commented on Wuthnow, 1988 education is a more powerful opinion structuring force than religious discourse itself, and most studies find that the more education a respondent has, the more liberal his or her abortion attitudes (Evans, 2002, p. 418). This helps answer why a postmodern society raises and nurtures its most influential citizens into embracing such secular ideas as Humanism, Naturalism, and Theistic Existentialism. Postmodernism is here to stay and to evolve. It is a major paradigm shift that has vast and deep impact on the world. When modernity hits hard on Christianity, many sociologists predict the inevitable demise and even eradication of Christianity by secularism (Bruce Steve, 1996, Â ¶5). Also having the primarily secularists controlling how textbooks are written and studied can only point to the trickling down effect of God within the hearts of men. By the mid-1990s abortion had been legal for two decades, and the population had become more educated and more secular, and other sociodemographic trends found abortion increasingly acceptable (Strickler Danigelis, 1999, p. 188). There should be equal worry over issues which are of immediate concern for all such as poverty, global warming, aids prevention, war, and more. All of these are of equal value and worth investigation and debating, but abortion is not equated with the same balance of equality. Given the recent numbers of elective abortions, 1,533,000 in 1980 as sited earlier tell us that there are many women who continue to share ambivalent feelings toward abortion. I was pregnant, I carried two unborn children and I chose, for completely selfish reasons, to deny them life so that I could better my own (Flodin, 1990, Â ¶3). If we are going to find a way to bring back the sanctity within our society, we must implement formal instructions in morals and principles as an essential component of the public school curriculum. Secularism campaigns alongside ambivalence; in America we become too complicated with our competing convictions? The answer lies in our public school system which according to the first amendment, Public schools may not inculcate nor inhibit religion. They must be places where religion and religious conviction are treated with fairness and respect. Public schools uphold the First Amendment when they protect the religious liberty rights of students of all faiths or none. Schools demonstrate fairness when they ensure that the curriculum includes study about religion, where appropriate (Haynes, 2010, P.1). An upward battle will continue as long as postmodernists maintain a distant relationship with God. Teachers are permitted to wear no obtrusive jewelry, such as a cross or Star of David. But teachers should not wear proselytizing message (e.g., Jesus Saves T-shirt). (Haynes, 1999, p.7). Here is an example of secular reasoning, Attorneys for Kandice Smith, a sixth-grader at Curry Middle School in Walker County, Alabama, filed a lawsuit in federal court to overturn what they called an unconstitutional dress code. In August, the school banned cross necklaces as part of its new dress code claiming they are gang symbols. School officials threatened to discipline Smith if she didnt hide the cross under her clothes. (Rock star, 1999, Â ¶4). As long as the cross is reviewed as a gang sign abortion will always be consider as a first option. Postmodern societies lean towards abortion as a first consideration rather than as a last resort because it rests in their understanding of God. The postmodern cultures, bible illiteracy clearly exemplifies the ease in which abortion decisions are made, and how religious freedom can be extrapolated from law to err on the side of the secularist, consequently making the first amendment null and void. In conclusion, how can a Christian in a postmodern society consider abortion not as a viable solution to a complex moral issue? The abortion debate has polarized Americans like no other national problem. The abortion issue has created a vast partitioning across Americas cultural, and religious lines, which is also evident at the individual, political, and ecclesiastical levels. How then can a Christian in a postmodern theistic society protect forty percent of future teenage abortions in a society which is profoundly secular given the tenet that abortion is a right? This certainly points to a valid concern held by many Christians, and alludes to a valid misrepresentation on prolife options within our school textbooks. From 1988 through 1993 sampling 27 textbooks representing 16 publishers covering a period of 6 years (Kathy Shepherd Elaine Hall, 1994, p. 267). They referenced topics such as, abortion and legal cases such as Roe v. Wade, pro-life, birth control, teen pregnancy, and reproduction. Citations for abortion were indexed more than 60 times and adoption citations were indexed under 13 headings. Also with this study acknowledgement to abortion was tendered 4 times more page space than adoption. The Humanist manifesto will continue as long as Gods heritage is denied in public school courses. This is happening all across America, schools are simply not teaching about God, and by leaving out His heritage the significance of abortion will continue to all future generations. A theist in a postmodern society must find a way to respect the law of the land that does not mean they take part in it nor does it mean they have to protest, through legal channels its validity. If we are to be effective on the other side, we ourselves will have to become less modern and more postmodern-not completely of it, of course, but more completely in it. (McLaren, 2000, p. 168).

Biomes Essay -- essays research papers

Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturia, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as a nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is created by biological fixation, and phosphorus is created by precipitation. Tundra is separated into two types: arctic tundra and alpine tundra. The characteristics of the tundra are as follows: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extremely cold climate 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low biotic diversity 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Simple vegetation structure 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Limitation of drainage 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Short season of growth and reproduction 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Large population oscillations Arctic tundra is located in the northern hemisphere, encircling the North Pole and extending south to the Coniferous forests of the Taiga. The arctic is known for its cold, desert-like conditions. The growing season ranges from 50 to 60 days. The average winter temperature is -34 ° C (-30 ° F), but the average summer temperature is 3-12 ° C (37-54 ° F), which enables this biome to sustain life. Rainfall may vary in different regions of the arctic. Yearly precipitation, including mel...

Polygraph Research Essay

I began my research thinking I wanted to find out where we were today in our advancement of the lie detector machine and its accuracy. There was a time it was heard of often and considered quite controversial in its legitimacy. My research took me on a different journey then I had expected. A journey discovering that the Polygraph Machine is not only just as controversial today as ever, but also that there appears to be behind the controversy then simply its technology. The Polygraph Machine was traditionally known for its use in lie detection within law enforcement. So I began my search in the Criminal Justice data base of our school library. I came across an interesting article, â€Å"The Truth Surrounding Lie Detection Technology†, written by Rebecca Kanable, a freelance writer specializing in law enforcement topics for the periodical Law Enforcement Technology. Her article, although informative of the details in how the polygraph machine works, what it detects physiologically, and why it might be considered inaccurate, revealed to me there may be more behind the controversial system then simply its technology. She would reference an important sounding entity called the APA (American Polygraph Association), explaining the APA founding, their development, and purpose. After discussing the APA and its extensive research and technology, another official sounding entity was introduced, the NAS (National Academy of Sciences). The NAS reported that contrary to the APA’s pride in their more than 80% accuracy in detecting deception, a majority of the research was unreliable, unscientific, and biased. The APA responded that the NAS findings were confined to a review of the research on polygraph testing in particular, and how it relates to personnel screening. The APA said the NAS relied on 57 of more than 1000 research studies available. The NAS in turn responded that a century of research in psychology and physiology provided little basis for expecting the polygraph test could have extremely high accuracy because the physiological responses are not uniquely related to deception only. At this oint a third entity was introduced, the NACVSA (National Association of Computer Voice Stress Analysis), who also bashed the APA as a flawed method and flawed technology. They would tout how they were supported in agreement by the NITV (National Institute for Truth Verification), yet another official sounding entity. This back and forth seemed a bit odd, as though one or the other had an agenda. That is what redirected my research into whom these entities were, and who was considered more rel iable for the truth about lie detection. First stop was the APA web site (APA. org). I discovered it was a profit driven business selling technology, instruments, research, and advanced training and education programs, as well as advertising their APA magazine. Their primary customers were law enforcement, the legal community, and private sector security screening. It certainly was official, but only in the business sense. Ironically, in my search for the APA web site, it was paired with Antipolygraph. org web site. A location for message board discussions against the polygraph, most of which was specifically directed at the APA. I then moved on to the first entity contradicting the APA in Kanable’s article, the NAS. NASonline. org had nothing to sell, but rather a non profit society established by an act of congress signed by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 and extended by President Woodrow Wilson charged with the mission of providing independent objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology. It definitely carried some weight in legitimacy, but to be sure it was not a bias source about this topic, I search its site database for this particular topic, and although it spoke about the technology of the polygraph, it made no specific mention of the APA itself. I was unable to do the same of the APA site as you had to be a paying member to access their database. I felt the NAS response to the APA research was legitimate coinciding with their purpose. What about the NACVSA? It turns out they are a direct competitor of the APA. Upon arriving at the CVSA1. com web site, it was immediately obvious in their solicitation of CVSA software and training. Also solicited were funding assistance through grants from both Walmart and Target to purchase the technology. They tried to hide behind government looking signs and symbols to appear more â€Å"official†. They covered the bases offering insight of cases solved by their technology, who was using their technology, and the history of their technology. They would repeatedly indicate their direct support from the National Institute for Truth Verification. Of course this institute must be official and have a web site. A Google turned up nothing for the NITV, and any mention of them would link you to the CVSA1. com web site. An attempt at Wikipedia also only had them listed as a vendor and tied to the NACVSA. Returning to the CVSA1 website for further investigation, I noticed in small print in the corner the following, â€Å"the NITV is the manufacturer and sole source for the Computer Voice Stress Analyzer†. That certainly did explain their avid support of the CVSA technology. One last scroll through all the sites having mention of the NITV, I noticed a Government site with their mention. Eforia. bis. doc. gov. was a public posting of government documents from the department of commerce. It displayed 11 charges against the NITV of illegal exportation as a private business. So much for that. Realizing I only had information from either the biased private businesses of technology, or the seemingly unbiased sources of government documents and a science society founded by congress, I now wanted to find others with something to say about the polygraph. I went back to the school library database with a refinement for only magazines and newspapers. First was a eye catching title of an article in the Atlantic Monthly by Alan Berlow called â€Å"The Wrong Man†. I gave accounts of cases leading to the conviction and eventual carrying out of death sentences of what would turn out to be discovered as wrongful conviction down the road. The tie with the polygraph came in that the results of the polygraphs, although not admissible in court, did find in agreement with what resulted in their convictions, even in contradiction of there being no physical evidence. This article revealed why the DA in one of those cases was so adamant in ignoring the lack of evidence for guilt and continuing till a conviction. He had knowledge of, and was influenced by, the non admissible results of the polygraph. The Wall Street Journal offered opposite perspectives on the polygraph. In 2003, an Article by Sharon Begley called â€Å"Inertia, Hope, Morality, score TKO’s in Bouts with â€Å"Solid Science†. The dispute with the polygraph was no different then others but with her particular method and terminology of expression. The second Wall Street Journal article, â€Å"For The Polygraph Paradox; Lie Detectors Aren’t Perfect; But convicted Sex Offenders Concede, They May Be Good Enough†, by Laurie P. Cohen. Although alluding to a positive use for the polygraph in spite of its controversy, I doubted the weight of this perspective as the only source of data was that of those who were convicted. It has no opposite data of those who were not convicted. I didn’t take either article as being to far out of bounds as the Wall Street Journal is widely known as quite reputable, whether you agree with a particular article or not. So I then narrowed my search to the immediate locality, and took an article from the Telegram & Gazette. It was a General interest periodical in 1989 with no specific author. It was merely stating a factual outcome of the Massachusetts Supreme Court having ruled the polygraph test as inadmissible in this state. My research into the polygraph, although somewhat informative about its accuracy, was far more revealing about the source of opinions about the polygraph.

Adverb Placement in English and Grammar Focus

Adverb Placement in English and Grammar Focus Adverbs provide information about how, when or where something is done. Its easy to understand what adverbs do by looking at the word adverb: Adverbs add something to the verb! Lets take a look at a few examples: Jack often visits his grandmother in Chicago. The adverb often tells us how often Jack visits his grandmother in Chicago. Alice plays golf very well. The adverb well tells us how Alice plays golf. It tells us the quality of how she plays. However, they must remember to clean up before they leave. The adverb however connects the sentence to the independent clause or sentence that comes before it. You may have noticed that the adverb placement is different in each of the three sentences. Adverb placement in English can be confusing at times. Generally, adverb placement is taught when focusing on specific types of adverbs. Adverb placement for adverbs of frequency comes directly before the main verb. Therefore, they come in the middle of the sentence. This is referred to as mid-position adverb placement. Here is a general guide to adverb placement in English. Adverb Placement: Initial Position Adverb placement at the beginning of a clause or a sentence is referred to as initial position. Connecting Adverbs Initial position adverb placement is used when using a connecting adverb to join a statement to the preceding clause or sentence. Its important to remember that these connecting adverbs take adverb placement at the beginning of a phrase in order to connect it to the phrase that has come before. Commas are often used after the use of a connecting adverb. There are a number of these connecting adverbs, here are some of the most common: However,Consequently,Then,Next,Still, Examples: Life is hard. However, life can be fun.The market is very difficult these days. Consequently, we need to focus on what works best for our customers.My friend Mark doesnt enjoy school. Still, hes working hard at getting good grades. Time Adverbs Time adverbs are also used at the beginning of phrases to indicate when something should happen. Its important to note that time adverbs are used in a number of adverb placements. Time adverbs are the most flexible of all adverbs in their adverb placement. Examples: Tomorrow Peter is going to visit his mother in Chicago.Sundays I like playing golf with my friends.Sometimes Jennifer enjoys a relaxing day at the beach. Adverb Placement: Middle Position Focusing Adverbs Adverb placement of focusing adverbs generally takes place in the middle of a sentence, or in the mid-position. Focusing adverbs put the emphasis on one part of the clause in order to modify, qualify or add additional information. Adverbs of frequency (sometimes, usually, never, etc.), adverbs of certainty (probably, certainly, etc.) and comment adverbs (adverbs expressing an opinion such as intelligently, expertly, etc.) can all be used as focusing adverbs. Examples: She often forgets to take her umbrella to work.Sam stupidly left his computer at home instead of taking it with him to the conference.Ill certainly buy a copy of his book. NOTE: Remember that adverbs of frequency are always placed before the main verb, rather than the auxiliary verb. (I dont often go to San Francisco. NOT I often dont go to San Francisco.) Adverb Placement: End Position Adverb placement is usually at the end of a sentence or phrase. While its true that adverb placement can happen in the initial or mid-position, its also true that adverbs generally are placed at the end of a sentence or phrase. Here are the three most common types of adverbs placed at the end of a sentence or phrase. Adverbs of Manner Adverb placement of adverbs of manner usually occurs at the end of a sentence or clause. Adverbs of manner tell us how something is done. Examples: Susan hasnt done this report accurately.Sheila plays piano thoughtfully.Tim does his math homework carefully. Adverbs of Place Adverb placement of adverbs of place usually occurs at the end of a sentence or clause. Adverbs of place tell us where something is done. Examples: Barbara is cooking pasta downstairs.Im working in the garden outside.They will investigate the crime downtown. Adverbs of Time Adverb placement of adverbs of time usually occurs at the end of a sentence or clause. Adverbs of manner tell us when something is done. Examples: Angie likes relaxing at home on weekends.Our meeting takes place at three oclock.Frank is having a checkup tomorrow afternoon.

Racial Realism essays

Racial Realism essays Bell believes that racism will never end and that it actually serves a useful action in society. Utility of racism keeps the categories of people broad and the divisions clear. He presents the concept of racial realism which would force society out of denial and make them realize their own racial preferences. Bell believes that we can use these racisms against themselves in order to better society and that mere changes in the justice system are not enough. He focuses more on the struggle rather than the end. Contrary to Bell, King believes that racism will have an end and it is based in equal and deserved justice as stated in the Declaration of Independence. He believes in a day when all will be equal and uses Americas own laws to support his argument. We live in a country today misrepresented by its own peoples' perception. The consensus that we live in the greatest nation in the world is not so much a feeling of nationalism as it is a forgone conclusion in the minds of millions of Americans. What a great many of these millions do not realize is that they are the victims of a government set up by our founding fathers to uphold a class system based on a very uneven distribution of wealth. As the old saying goes, you need money to make money, and this is never more true than it is in the United States, the land where the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor. This is Bells most central idea; his concept of racial nepotism and economic struggle. [...] [U]nderstanding the true nature of racism would equip us to weather it myriad harms.(Bell 92) The sole problem with racial discrimination is race preference and not hatred. Socioeconomic factors will perpetuate racism. Ideals must not be allowed to obscure the blacks real position in the socioeconomic realm, which happens to be the real indicator of power in this country.(Bell 98) According to Bell the white man will ne...

Basic Elements in Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basic Elements in Research - Assignment Example On the other hand when conclusions about societies, groups and nations are made through evidences gathered from individuals then it gives rise to individualistic fallacy (Frankfort-Nachmias, 2008). 6. Write three researchable hypotheses, identifying their independent, dependent, and control variables. Clearly indicate the expected change in the magnitude and direction of the dependent and independent variables. A relationship that can be defined by variables in addition to those mentioned in the hypothesis is called a spurious relationship. Control variables are used to experiment that an observed relationship between dependent and independent variables is actually influenced by the independent variable mentioned in hypothesis (Frankfort-Nachmias, 2008). Co-variation is defined as those characteristics which are common in the two related variables, for instance, individuals with higher income have better lifestyle. This helps the social scientists to conduct research and determine whether the characteristics of one research variable are related to the characteristics of other variables (Frankfort-Nachmias, 2008). 9. when we speak of direction in social science research, what do we mean? What is the difference between positive and negative relations? What is meant by magnitude and by zero versus perfect relations?   When we speak about a particular direction in social science research we refer to the variable relationships which are either negative or positive. A positive relationship defines that when the value of one variable increases then other values also increase. Contrary to this a negative relationship explains that if value of one variable increases then all other values decrease. Magnitude defines the positive or negative co-variation of variables. The lowest magnitude is called zero relation and highest magnitude is known as perfect relation (Frankfort-Nachmias, 2008). Hypotheses are

The News and Law Enforcement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The News and Law Enforcement - Essay Example Follow-up surveys completed by participants and their supervisors provide a method for determining whether participants have the opportunity to change behavior upon return to the work setting (Wilson, 2000). It is tailored to provide information that program administrators can use to determine the strengths of the program and make decisions about how the program should be modified for current students or be introduced to a different student population. It identifies information actually needed by program decision makers, collects and analyzes this information, and furnishes the information to them, using methods which will aid in decision making. "The majority of agencies are in compliance, but there are some that are not," said Arthur Ortiz, director of the Santa Fe-based Law Enforcement Academy" (Romo 2009). The news story is real as it reflects current state of police crime problems and methods followed by other law enforcement agencies. The results suggested that the Police department might benefit from curriculum revision in three areas. The program might be changed to provide police officers with more time to discuss and analyze personnel law, planning, interpersonal communication, and relationships with the manager and/or mayor.